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CentOS 8 extend LVM

 




Earlier we installed CentOS 8. But what if the disk size was not enough? Fortunately, this operating system uses LVM by default, and in this article we will use for example the CentOS 8 extend LVM partition. This procedure is practically no different from the actions in previous versions of this OS.

Attention! Before you start work on increasing the size of LVM, be sure to backup your data!

Inputs
Increase disk size
Create partition
Increase LVM partition

Inputs

Our CentOS 8 is installed on Hyper-V. First, check the size of the file system by executing df -h (all commands are run as root):

# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             353M     0  353M   0% /dev
tmpfs                368M     0  368M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                368M  5.2M  363M   2% /run
tmpfs                368M     0  368M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root  6.2G  2.3G  4.0G  37% /
/dev/sda1            976M  128M  782M  15% /boot
tmpfs                 74M     0   74M   0% /run/user/0

The LVM volume has a size of 6.2G and is mounted in the root directory /, we will increase it.

Let’s see the output of fdisk -l:

# fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 8 GiB, 8589934592 bytes, 16777216 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xde6ef740

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048  2099199  2097152   1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       2099200 16777215 14678016   7G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 6.2 GiB, 6652166144 bytes, 12992512 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 820 MiB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

In this example, we have 1 drive /dev/sda with a size of 8G, which is divided into 2 logical: boot /dev/sda1 and /dev/sda2 with Linux LVM type – we are interested in it.

Increase disk size

In a virtualization environment, increase the size of the hard disk and reboot the system. I increased the disk to 10 gigabytes:

#fdisk -l
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xde6ef740

Device     Boot   Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *       2048  2099199  2097152   1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2       2099200 16777215 14678016   7G 8e Linux LVM

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-root: 6.2 GiB, 6652166144 bytes, 12992512 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Disk /dev/mapper/cl-swap: 820 MiB, 859832320 bytes, 1679360 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes

Create partition

After increasing the size of the disk, you need to create a new partition. Run fdisk /dev/sda, where /dev/sda is the label of our disk (Disk /dev/sda):

# fdisk /dev/sda

Welcome to fdisk (util-linux 2.32.1).
Changes will remain in memory only, until you decide to write them.
Be careful before using the write command.

Command (m for help):

Enter n – create a new partition:

Command (m for help): n

Next, indicate the type – the primary p:

Partition type
   p   primary (2 primary, 0 extended, 2 free)
   e   extended (container for logical partitionsSelect (default p): p

We are asked to indicate the partitin number, by default it is the following with the number 3:

Partition number (3,4, default 3):3

Next, the starting and ending sectors are indicated. Be sure to check that they match the values ​​specified by a hyphen. Thus we use all unallocated space:

First sector (16777216-20971519, default 16777216):16777216
Last sector, +sectors or +size{K,M,G,T,P} (16777216-20971519, default 20971519):20971519
Created a new partition 3 of type 'Linux' and of size 2 GiB.

As you can see, a 2G partition with the Linux type was created. Change the default type to Linux LVM. To do this, use the t command, indicate the type of partition we want to change and number (in this case 3), and enter its code in the 8e hexadecimal system:

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-3, default 3): 3
Hex code (type L to list all codes): 8e
Changed type of partition 'Linux' to 'Linux LVM'

With the p command, let’s see what happened:

Command (m for help): p
Disk /dev/sda: 10 GiB, 10737418240 bytes, 20971520 sectors
Units: sectors of 1 * 512 = 512 bytes
Sector size (logical/physical): 512 bytes / 4096 bytes
I/O size (minimum/optimal): 4096 bytes / 4096 bytes
Disklabel type: dos
Disk identifier: 0xde6ef740

Device     Boot    Start      End  Sectors Size Id Type
/dev/sda1  *        2048  2099199  2097152   1G 83 Linux
/dev/sda2        2099200 16777215 14678016   7G 8e Linux LVM
/dev/sda3       16777216 20971519  4194304   2G 8e Linux LVM

Fine! We created /dev/sda3 partition. It remains only to save the changes with the w command. After that, fdisk will automatically close:

Command (m for help): w
The partition table has been altered.
Syncing disks.

CentOS 8 extend LVM

To use the created volume in LVM, initialize it with the pvcreate command:

# pvcreate /dev/sda3
  Physical volume "/dev/sda3" successfully created.

Let’s look at the name of the volume group to which you want to add the partition. We will use vgdisplay for this. The default is cl:

# vgdisplay
  --- Volume group ---
  VG Name               cl
  System ID
  Format                lvm2
  Metadata Areas        1
  Metadata Sequence No  3
  VG Access             read/write
  VG Status             resizable
  MAX LV                0
  Cur LV                2
  Open LV               2
  Max PV                0
  Cur PV                1
  Act PV                1
  VG Size               <7.00 GiB
  PE Size               4.00 MiB
  Total PE              1791
  Alloc PE / Size       1791 / <7.00 GiB
  Free  PE / Size       0 / 0
  VG UUID               XwDF6A-wEWR-uazD-t4bz-bOMI-3z2L-VXCczx

Add our partition to this group:

# vgextend cl /dev/sda3
  Volume group "cl" successfully extended

Using lvdisplay, we look at the name and path to the logical one that needs to be expanded (by default, this is root and /dev/cl/root):

# lvdisplay
  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/cl/swap
  LV Name                swap
  VG Name                cl
  LV UUID                9cy6VE-EIXf-ky21-S55C-TGkH-mkYb-rTtCsU
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-10-17 08:32:49 +0300
  LV Status              available
  # open                 2
  LV Size                820.00 MiB
  Current LE             205
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:1

  --- Logical volume ---
  LV Path                /dev/cl/root
  LV Name                root
  VG Name                cl
  LV UUID                kM68mo-2vZr-3zDP-Sfyc-TlAp-QQb7-XTh0X0
  LV Write Access        read/write
  LV Creation host, time localhost, 2019-10-17 08:32:50 +0300
  LV Status              available
  # open                 1
  LV Size                <6.20 GiB
  Current LE             1586
  Segments               1
  Allocation             inherit
  Read ahead sectors     auto
  - currently set to     8192
  Block device           253:0

Now expand it. To do this, lvextend specify the path to the logical volume and the -l + 100% FREE parameter, which indicates that we want to use 100% free space:

# lvextend -l +100%FREE /dev/cl/root
  Size of logical volume cl/root changed from <6.20 GiB (1586 extents) to 8.19 GiB (2097 extents).
  Logical volume cl/root successfully resized.

The last step left is to expand the file system. If you use xfs (default on Centos 8), execute xfs_growfs:

# xfs_growfs /dev/mapper/cl-root
meta-data=/dev/mapper/cl-root    isize=512    agcount=4, agsize=406016 blks
         =                       sectsz=4096  attr=2, projid32bit=1
         =                       crc=1        finobt=1, sparse=1, rmapbt=0
         =                       reflink=1
data     =                       bsize=4096   blocks=1624064, imaxpct=25
         =                       sunit=0      swidth=0 blks
naming   =version 2              bsize=4096   ascii-ci=0, ftype=1
log      =internal log           bsize=4096   blocks=2560, version=2
         =                       sectsz=4096  sunit=1 blks, lazy-count=1
realtime =none                   extsz=4096   blocks=0, rtextents=0
data blocks changed from 1624064 to 2147328

If ext4, use resize2fs:

# resize2fs -p /dev/mapper/cl-root

resize2fs 1.42.9 (28-Dec-2013)
Filesystem at /dev/mapper/cl-root is mounted on /; on-line resizing required
old desc_blocks = 1, new_desc_blocks = 2
Performing an on-line resize of /dev/mapper/cl-root to 2147328 (4k) blocks.
The filesystem on /dev/mapper/cl-root is now 2147328 blocks long.

Check the result:

# df -h
Filesystem           Size  Used Avail Use% Mounted on
devtmpfs             353M     0  353M   0% /dev
tmpfs                368M     0  368M   0% /dev/shm
tmpfs                368M  5.1M  363M   2% /run
tmpfs                368M     0  368M   0% /sys/fs/cgroup
/dev/mapper/cl-root  8.2G  2.3G  6.0G  28% /
/dev/sda1            976M  128M  782M  15% /boot
tmpfs                 74M     0   74M   0% /run/user/0

As you can see, in CentOS 8 extend LVM partition is not such a difficult task.

Από το Blogger.